雍正御制粉彩瑞兽纹茶杯（一组十件）
雍正时期（1723 – 1735 年）虽仅有 13 年，但制瓷成就达到清代官窑历史高峰。这一时期的瓷器品种多样，制作工艺精湛，雍正帝对瓷器制作要求极高，亲自参与设计和监督，使得雍正瓷器具有独特的艺术风格和品质。而粉彩又是雍正时期瓷器的重要特色。在这一时期，粉彩瓷器无论在造型、彩绘技法还是纹饰等方面都达到了较高的水平。颜色以其秀丽雅致、粉润柔和的特点著称，色彩丰富且浓淡自然，层次分明，写实风格浓厚。
Although the Yongzheng period (1723-1735) lasted only 13 years, the porcelain-making achievements reached the historical peak of the official kiln in the Qing Dynasty. During this period, there were various kinds of porcelain and exquisite craftsmanship. Yong Zhengdi had high requirements for porcelain production, and personally participated in the design and supervision, which made Yongzheng porcelain have a unique artistic style and quality. Pastel is an important feature of porcelain in Yongzheng period. During this period, pastel porcelain reached a high level in modeling, painting techniques and ornamentation. Color is famous for its beautiful and elegant, soft powder, rich in color and natural, distinct in layers and strong in realistic style.
此时期的茶杯造型丰富多样：或小巧精致，或端庄大气，线条流畅优美，展现出雍正时期瓷器造型的雅致特点，可能有斗笠杯、鸡心杯、高足杯等不同款式。多用瑞兽纹装饰，瑞兽纹是茶杯的重要装饰元素。形态各异、栩栩如生；可能包括龙、麒麟、凤凰等传统瑞兽形象。其绘制精细，毛发、鳞片等细节刻画入微，瑞兽的姿态或威严庄重，或灵动活泼，彰显皇家的尊贵与祥瑞之气。
The cups in this period are rich and varied in shape: small and exquisite, dignified and elegant, with smooth and beautiful lines, showing the elegant characteristics of porcelain modeling in Yongzheng period, and there may be different styles such as hat cups, heart-shaped cups and Gao Zubei. More decorative patterns are used, which is an important decorative element of teacups. Different shapes and lifelike; It may include dragon, unicorn, phoenix and other traditional auspicious animal images. Its drawing is fine, the hair, scales and other details are described in detail, and the posture of the auspicious beast is dignified or solemn, or smart and lively, showing the royal dignity and auspicious spirit.
作品赏析:
这组茶杯出自雍正时期，一套十只，每个都小巧精致，底部铭雍正御制款；整体色调搭配和谐，颜色丰富、鲜艳柔和。每只茶杯上的名犬品种不一，且颜色都经过精心调配，如白色犬只的毛色纯净洁白，有光泽感；其他颜色的犬只，其毛色的色调、饱和度都恰到好处，而且不同颜色之间的过渡自然和谐，不会有生硬之感。色彩还能很好地表现出犬的立体感和光影效果，使犬只仿佛具有生命力般跃然杯上。同时，色彩与白色的瓷胎相互映衬，更显粉彩的秀丽雅致。
This set of teacups comes from Yongzheng period, a set of ten, each of which is small and exquisite, and the bottom is marked with Yongzheng imperial style; The overall tone is harmonious, rich in color, bright and soft. There are different kinds of famous dogs on each teacup, and the colors have been carefully blended. For example, the coat color of white dogs is pure and white, with a sense of luster; Dogs of other colors have just the right hue and saturation, and the transition between different colors is natural and harmonious, and there will be no stiff feeling. Color can also well show the three-dimensional sense and light and shadow effect of dogs, making dogs seem to have vitality on the cup. At the same time, the color and the white porcelain tire set off each other, which makes the pastel more beautiful and elegant.
这套粉彩茶杯上的纹饰是郎世宁的《十犬图》，十条品种高贵的名犬，这些名犬大都是当时周边部落首领进献给皇帝的，均为郎世宁对着真犬写生而成。郎世宁(公元1688年7月19日一1766年7月16日)，意大利人，生于意大利米兰，清康熙帝五十四年(1715年)作为修道士来中国传教，随即入宫进入如意馆，为清代宫廷十大画家之一。
The decorative pattern on this pastel teacup is Lang Shining's Ten Dogs Map, ten famous dogs with noble varieties. Most of these famous dogs were presented to the emperor by the leaders of surrounding tribes at that time, and all of them were sketched by Lang Shining against real dogs. Lang Shining (July 19, 1688-July 16, 1766), an Italian, was born in Milan, Italy. In 1715, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty came to China as a monk to preach, and then entered the palace and entered the Ruyi Pavilion, which was one of the top ten painters in the Qing Dynasty.
狗又称作犬，嗅觉与听觉敏锐，犬齿锐利，机敏忠诚的形象特征，也成了历代画家描摹的对象。古言画有四难:画人难画手，画兽难画狗画花难画叶，画树难画柳。作者运用娴熟的线描与敷色，狗的骨骼、肌肉的明暗透视关系描绘精准。白色猎犬的写实技法，与背景草地、山岳的写意笔墨交相辉映，呈现出明艳、靓丽的视觉效果。这恰恰是郎世宁绘画风格的典型特征，也是清三代宫廷绘画面貌的特质之一。
Dogs, also known as dogs, have sharp sense of smell and hearing, sharp canine teeth, agility and loyalty, and have also become the object of description by painters of all ages. There are four difficulties in Gu Yan's painting: it is difficult to draw people's hands, animals, dogs, flowers and leaves, and trees. The author uses skillful line drawing and coloring to describe the relationship between light and shade of dog's bones and muscles accurately. The realistic techniques of white hounds complement each other with the freehand brushwork of the background grass and mountains, showing a bright and beautiful visual effect. This is precisely the typical feature of Lang Shining's painting style, and it is also one of the characteristics of the court painting in the three generations of Qing Dynasty.
每只杯子上犬的眼睛炯炯有神，鼻子的形状、纹理逼真；嘴巴的线条能体现出犬的不同表情等。这些细节的精细刻画能极大地增强画面的真实感和艺术感染力。除此之外，犬只的姿态各异，有站立、奔跑、卧躺、嬉戏等不同动作，形成动静对比。这种动静结合的构图方式让画面充满活力和趣味，避免单调和呆板，同时也更能展现出犬的生活习性和活泼天性。
The dog's eyes are bright on each cup, and the shape and texture of the nose are realistic; The lines of the mouth can reflect the different expressions of dogs. The fine depiction of these details can greatly enhance the realism and artistic appeal of the picture. In addition, dogs have different postures, such as standing, running, lying down, playing and other different actions, forming a dynamic and static contrast. This combination of dynamic and static composition makes the picture full of vitality and interest, avoiding monotony and rigidity, and at the same time, it can better show the dog's life habits and lively nature.
这套茶杯在制作上融合了西方绘画技法和中国传统绘画元素。在绘画风格上，既有西方注重写实、光影的特点，又有中国传统绘画对于意境、神韵的表达，使作品兼具写实性与艺术性，呈现出独特的艺术魅力。杯体的形状规整，胎质细腻，厚薄均匀。精致的胎体能够为粉彩的绘制提供良好的基础，并且与粉彩相互映衬，提升整体的艺术品质。
This set of teacups combines western painting techniques and traditional painting elements in China. In terms of painting style, it not only has the characteristics that the West pays attention to realism and light and shadow, but also has the expression of artistic conception and charm in China traditional painting, which makes the works both realistic and artistic, showing a unique artistic charm. The shape of the cup body is regular, the fetal quality is delicate and the thickness is uniform. Exquisite carcass can provide a good foundation for pastel drawing, and set off with pastel to enhance the overall artistic quality.
从艺术角度看，这套茶杯精美的瑞兽纹装饰与细腻的粉彩色彩相得益彰，体现了雍正时期高超的艺术水准和审美追求，具有极高的艺术欣赏价值，是中国古代陶瓷艺术的杰出代表。承载着丰富的历史文化信息，反映了当时的宫廷文化、审美观念以及制瓷工艺的发展水平，为研究雍正时期的历史提供了重要的实物依据。由于雍正时期短暂，御制的精品瓷器数量相对较少，而这组粉彩瑞兽纹茶杯（一组十件）品相完好、工艺精湛，更是难得一见。因此，在收藏市场上具有极高的价值和稀缺性，受到众多收藏家的青睐，具有很大的升值潜力。
From an artistic point of view, this set of teacups is an outstanding representative of ancient ceramic art in China, with its exquisite decorative patterns of animals and delicate pastel colors, which embodies the superb artistic level and aesthetic pursuit in Yongzheng period. It bears rich historical and cultural information, reflects the palace culture, aesthetic concept and the development level of porcelain-making technology at that time, and provides an important material basis for studying the history of Yongzheng period. Due to the short period of Yongzheng, the number of imperial fine porcelain is relatively small, and this group of pastel Swiss animal-patterned teacups (a group of ten pieces) is rare because of their perfect appearance and exquisite craftsmanship. Therefore, it has extremely high value and scarcity in the collection market, is favored by many collectors, and has great appreciation potential.
